[Effects of anger management training based on health promotion model on soldiers engaged in risky behavior]

Introduction: Entry into military service with changing environmental conditions, social relationships and lifestyle can cause psychological stress and pressure on the soldiers and may promote or create risky behaviors. Non-verbal or verbal aggressive behavior such as fighting, obscenities, hitting, threats and intimidation may increase stress exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anger management education based on Health Promotion Model on reducing risky behavior of soldiers [fighting] in the Military barracks of Ardekan in1389

Methods: This clinical trial is an experimental study. Participants were the 232 soldiers who were engaged in risky behavior score higher than 60. They are randomly divided into two groups. Anger control for the experimental group on the basis of religious and scientific evidence in health promotion model was trained. Data collection tool was built by researchers. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire [demographic, risky behaviors, health promotion model structures] were carried out

Results: Statistical analysis of covariance and independent t-test showed that all structures of the model [perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, sense of behavior, interpersonal influences, situational influences] and the amount of conflict behavior, between the two groups [case and control] is significant. [P<0.001]

Conclusion: The positive impact of teaching anger management techniques, based on religious and scientific evidence and educational model of health promotion, showed that the model is effective. Model can manage aggression and destructive emotion, aggressive behavior and attitude and feeling. Anger management techniques leading to better compatibility with environmental stress and unwanted changes to the young people

[Quantitative and qualitative analysis of anthocyanins and flavonols in berry skin of some grape cultivars using high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]]

Background: Grape berries are valuable nutraceuticals, due to the presence of different types of flavonoids as anthocyanins and flavonols, however, type and percentage of the components are influenced by genotype and environmental conditions

Objective: To identify anthocyanins and flavonols of some important grape cultivars with different color profiles

Methods: Berry skins of grape cultivars including Angoorab, Bidane-Ghermez, Fakhrie-Ghermez, Muskat of Hamburg, Flaim seedless, Sorkhak, and Ashe-Siahe-Shiraz were extracted using water/methanol as solvent. Anthocyanins and flavonols compositions were studied by HPLC

Results: Highest total anthocyanin and total flavonol contents were 0.44 [Ashe-Siahe-Shiraz] and 0.67 [Angoorab] mg.100 g-1, respectively. Highest percentage of cyanidin in Bidane-Ghermez [91.6%], peonidin in Fakhri-Ghermez [91.43%], delphinidin in Flaim seedless [4.95%], malvidin in Sorkhak [87.69%] and petunidin in Muskat of Hamburg [4.36%] were observed. Quercetin [61.21 in Ashe-Siahe-Shiraz to 87.37% in Muskat of Hamburg] was the major flavonol, among all studied grape cultivars. Highest amounts of laricitrin in Sorkhak [16.73%], myricetin in Ashe-Siahe-Shiraz [28.4%], kaempferol in Flaim seedless [21.39%] and isorhamnetin in Fakhrie-Ghermez [14.41%] were observed. Also, estimation of hydroxylation and methylation activities showed that for both of the reactions, anthocyanins are much better substrates than flavonols

Conclusion: The present study showed that studied grape cultivars are different for the content, composition and ratio of anthocyanins and flavonols and pattern of hydroxylation and methylation, which could lead to differences in their nutraceutical values specially their antioxidant activity, stability, solubility and color properties

[ evidence-based nursing education]

The application of evidence in clinical practice can lead to the improvement of quality of health care. Evidence-based nursing has been introduced as a method for the provision of health care services using the latest findings. In this process, nurses can use the available research evidence, clinical expertise and patient's function to adopt appropriate clinical decisions. It is shown that nurses face problems such as the identification of appropriate resources, and evaluation of evidence for the optimum search methods during the application of evidence-based practice. The aim of this review study is to identify elements influencing evidence-based nursing

[Hospital anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease]

High incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease can be associated with serious complications consisting increasing mortality and morbidity and adverse cardiac events. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jamaran heart hospitals; Tehran in 2010 and a total sample size of 300 patients with coronary heart disease were investigated. Convenience sampling method was used to select patients. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale [HADS] was used for assessment of anxiety and depression. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 17, and descriptive and inferential statistic tests were used. The mean and standard deviation scores for anxiety and depression subscales were, [2.6]7.23, and [2.6]6.74, respectively. Of the patients, 45.7% had depression and 38% had anxiety. There was statistically significant relationship between age and depression, also anxiety and depression levels [r=0.67]. Patients with a history of hypertension had more anxiety and depression levels [P<0.05]. Results of this study showed a high incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease, respectively. Therefore, recommendations for further assessment of the mental status of the patients at admission and planning appropriate interventions according to screening outcomes is recommended

[ effect of spiritual care based on GHALBE SALIM model on spiritual experience in patients with coronary artery disease]

Patients, who have experienced a heart attack, indicate the dominant role of spirituality in passing this stressful and dangerous event. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of spiritual care based on GHALBE SALIM model on spiritual experience in patients with coronary artery disease. This is a clinical-trial study that done on 60 CAD patients in Baqyatallah hospital coronary care unit in 2013. Samples were chosen with base on target method sampling and had been studied randomly in two intervention and control groups. Spiritual care program based on GHALBE SALIM model performed from hospitalization until discharge in unit for intervention group. Daily spiritual experiences scale, before and two months later was completed in both groups. Data of research with descriptive statistics [mean, standard deviation, and frequency] and inferential statistics [chi-square, paired and independent t] and using with SPSS software version 18 were analyzed. Findings showed that total score of spiritual experiences after the intervention groups compared with the control group did differ significantly [p<0.001]. Spiritual care based on GHALBE SALIM model, enhanced the spiritual experience of patients. As a result, the achievement of peace and freedom from stress and psychological adjustment to the disease and indirectly helps to treatment status and health

[Assessment of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in elderly resident in nursing homes in Tehran]

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disability and death in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in elderly resident in nursing homes in Tehran. This descriptive study was conducted with 310 elderly men and women above 65 years in elderly house in Tehran. A sample was chosen with random clustering. Data was collected by questionnaire which included demographic questions [5 questions] and "Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease Questionnaire" [7 questions]. Later section included, history of heart disease and medications, family history of heart disease, smoking, physical activity and exercise. Validity was measured by content validity index and reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient [0.88]. In addition, other data such as height and weight, blood pressure, blood lipids [cholesterol, triglycerides] and fasting blood glucose were collected. All statistics were computed using the SPSS/15. Findings showed that mean age of sample was 75/25 +/- 7/98. Prevalence of risk factors for high cholesterol [P<0.001], high triglyceride [P<0.05], diabetes [P<0.05], inactivity [P<0.001], lack of exercise [P<0.05], obesity [P<0.001], systolic blood pressure and diastolic, was higher in women than in men, whereas smoking was higher in men than in women [P<0.001]. Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in nursing homes in Tehran is high. According to findings of this study, it can be concluded that, elderly women were more exposed than elderly men to risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Appropriate training toward their lifestyle change to prevent this disease and its complications is necessary

[Comparison of military and civilian life style of people with hypertension]

One of the main effective factors of development of hypertension in people is lifestyle. The aim of this study was to compare military and civilian life style of people with hypertension. This descriptive-comparative study on 200 patients with hypertension was conducted in Tehran. Convenience sampling method was used to select hypertensive patients referred to the military hospitals and civilian hospitals. Data was collected by "Hypertension Lifestyle Inventory" in four main dimensions [nutritional status 36 items, stress 13 items, smoking 9 items and physical activity 10 items]. Validity of the inventory was measured by content validity and reliability by test re-test [r=0.83]. The blood pressure device calibration was measured based on company manual. For collecting data, blood pressure was measured two times and data was analyzed by SPSS/17. Findings showed that lifestyle in the field of nutrition, physical activity, stress and smoking in the sample is not appropriate. In this study, factors such as marital status, education, nutrition and physical activity were significant with hypertension [P<0.05]. The results on the importance and urgency of intervention measures for change in lifestyle are emphasized. Therefore, educational programs in order to make lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, regular exercise programs, diet modification is necessary

[Relationship between sleep quality and body mass index in chemical warfare victims with bronchiolitis obliterans]

Background: sleep is one of the basic requirements of human and any disruption in the normal flow of sleep, in addition to causing psychological problems, can also reduce a person's performance

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between the sleep quality and body mass index in chemical warfare victims with bronchiolitis obliterans

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the respiratory clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital in winter of 2007. A total of 93 victims of chemical warfare with bronchiolitis obliterans referred to the respiratory clinic were selected by nonprobability and convenience sampling method. Body mass index, as a variable impact on quality of sleep, was evaluated for its relationship with sleep quality. Sleep quality was measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics including Spearman's rank correlation, chi-square test, and the independent-samples t-test

Findings: Over 95% of subjects had undesirable sleep quality and the rest [4.4%] with desirable sleep quality. The mean BMI was 26.68 +/- 3.88. Of total population, 65.6% were overweight or obese. There was no significant correlation between sleep quality and BMI [P>0.05]. A significant correlation between the psychological disorders and undesirable sleep quality was found [P<0.05]

Conclusion: According to the data obtained, future studies regarding the psychological disorders and treatment protocols to improve the quality of sleep in chemical warfare victims are recommended

[Essential oil composition, total phenol compounds and antioxidant activity of Hypericum perforatum L. extract collected from North of Iran]

St. John's Wort [Hypericum perforatum L.], as the most important species of the genus, has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Recently, the plant compounds are used to treat mild and moderate depression around the world. This study identified the constituents of essential oil and total phenolic compounds and also antioxidant activity of methanol extract of H. perforatum collected from wildly growing area in the north of Iran [Tonecabon, Mazandaran province]. Essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation of air dried flowering shoots using Clevenger apparatus. The essential oils were analyzed by both gas chromatography [GC] and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry [GC-MS]. Total phenolic compounds in the methanol [80%] extract were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using tannic acid as standard. Antioxidant activity of extract was also evaluated by DPPH free radical method. Monoterpens [25.63%] were found to be the major fraction of the oil and alpha- Pinene [21.88%] was found to be the most abundant compound, followed by nonane [9.77%], n- octane [9.13%] and dodecanol [6.80%]. In addition, the results indicated total phenol content [50 microg gallic acid equivalent/g] and antioxidant activity [34. 37 microg/ml] of methanolic extract. alpha- Pinene was the major constituent of essential oil of H. perforatum tested sample and its methanol extract contained the high amount of total phenolic compounds and consequently exhibited a considerable antioxidant activity

[Evaluation of essential oil composition in three species of hypericum from Iran]

Essential oils contain a large variety of volatile secondary metabolites such as terpenes, terpenoides, phenolic and aliphatic derivative. Nowadays, These compounds extensively used inPharmaceutical, sanitary and cosmetic industries. Antimicrobial activity of these oils and their components such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, the main essential oil constituent of some Hypericum spp., have been reported. This study was conducted to identify the constituents of essential oil in three Hypericum species in Iran to compare differences among their major volatile constituents. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation of fresh plant materials using Clevenger apparatus. The essential oils were analyzed by both gas chromatography [GC] and gas chromatography ?mass spectrometry [GC-MS]. Monoterpens were found as the major constituent of essential oil in H. perforatum L. and H. patulum Thunb. However, n-alkans were the major constituent of the oil in H. tetrapterum Frise. In this study, alpha-Pinene [21.88%] was found to be the most abundant compound in the H. perforatum whilst beta- Pinene [30.20%] and n-undecane [30.84%] were the main constituents of H. patulum and H. tetrapterum essential oils respectively. In this study, we found that the different plant species made a remarkable difference in the essential oil constituents. In this study the most component of essential oils of H. perforatum and H. patulum were alpha-Pinene and beta-Pinene respectively and this component can be make them promising for treatment of infectious diseases such as infectious endocarditis

effect of exercise on level of general health of pregnant women referred to a prenatal-care-clinic of Baghiatallah hospital

Prenatal care is one of the most confident and basic services to protect fcto-maternal health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on level of general health of pregnant women. This was a quasi-experimental clinical trial study. The research samples included 60 primigravid women referred to the prenatal-care clinic of Baghiatallah hospital in Tehran. The participants were randomly divided to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained for 1.5-2 hours in groups with 3 to 4 members and then they began to practice. No training was performed for control group. Level of general health of two groups was investigated by general health questionnaire [GHQ-28], before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed by analytic and descriptive statistical testes. Sixty primigravid women with average age of 26/11 years and average gcstational age of 8/13 weeks participated in the study. The education level of majority of participants was highschool diploma and they have no history of exercise during pregnancy. Before intervention, the total scores for GHQ were 38/06 and 29/46 in experimental and control groups, respectively. After intervention, the total scores were 19/2 and 27/5 in experimental and control groups, respectively. T test showed a significant difference between two groups his before and after the intervention [p<0/05]. The mean scores for all dimension of general health showed significant difference between two groups of study [p<0/05]. Results showed the positive effects of physical exercises on physical and psycho-social dimension of general health of pregnant women

Medical ethics in cardiac anesthesia

The source of the medical ethics in new sciences is from the principle of modernism. For this reason some of the subjects my not accepted with our Islamic culture. It is necessary that Iranian scientists review the western medical ethics, especially philosophy of medical ethics. Method in this article is qualitative research type, in this article we studied text books and articles about medical ethics, cardiac anesthesia and Islamic ideology. It is necessary to determined theoretical options of medical ethics in the different medical flieds with Iranian Islamic culture for increase quality of medical Treatment

[ effect of safety management program on knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] in health care personnel]

Health care personnel are always exposed to occupational injuries especially injuries due to sharp and cutting things. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of safe management performance on knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] levels of the health care personnel of Baqyatallah Hospital, Iran. This experimental study was carried out in 2010, and 115 nurses were selected from 8 parallel wards; two random groups were shaped: experimental [n=59] and control [n=56] groups. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire including 59 questions on the personnel's knowledge, attitude and practice. The KAP was assessed in both groups after a two-month training period. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent and paired t-test [P < 0.05]. Mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice in the experimental group before training were 6 +/- 2.4, 52.1 +/- 6.2 and 80.5 +/- 10.3 respectively; the corresponding scores in the control group were 5.9 +/- 2.3, 51.6 +/- 7 and 77.4 +/- 13.2 respectively; the difference between the two groups before training was not significant [P > 0.05]. However, the KAP scores of the experimental group after training became 15.7 +/- 2.6, 58.1 +/- 2.7 and 87 +/- 4.6 respectively, with the corresponding control group scores of 6.2 +/- 1.8, 50.6 +/- 7.1 and 76.7 +/- 13 respectively; the difference after training was significant [P < 0.05]. Implementing the safety management program caused an increase in the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care personnel and improved the safety levels

effect of the blood glucose concentration on night work nurses'attention

The repairing effect of glucose on brain cognition functioning, especially attention has been studied widely.Cognitive performance and attention is a vital aspect in nursing practice. Decreased attention and nursing errors may result in substantial mortality, morbidity, and additional health care costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the blood glucose concentration on night work nurses' attention accuracy in military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A quasi-experimental study was carried out. A convenience sample of 60 nurses working in, two military hospitals in Tehran participated in the study. These nurses were randomly allocated in intervention and control groups. The study was carried out from Sep2009 to April 2010. Data were collected using a demographic data form and attention accuracy was evaluated by Toulouse- Pieron and Bonnardel test. Data collection and intervention was carried out during 4 to 5 am. The blood glucose concentration was measured before intervention, then nurses in intervention group received gr glucose solution, and nurses in control group drank water. One hour after intervention attention accuracy and blood glucose reevaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS V. 15 software. The results indicated that glucose consumption improved the attention accuracy of nurses [P<0.001]. Based on the results, glucose consumption or carbohydrate diet in night work nursing effects on brain cognition performance especially accuracy

[Study the effect of ice massage on labor pain in parturient women who reffered to allocated hospitals in Tehran city]

The fear of labor pain caused to increase of cesarean rate in women, therefore most of women preferred to use of the non-pharmacological approaches. From the non-pharmacological analgesia approaches can point to the ice massage. Thus, regarding to the importance of the labor pain this study was administered to investigate the impact of ice massage and placebo on intensity of labor pain. This Study is a randomized controlled trial that performed on to parturient women that referred for labor located hospitals of Tehran city. Parturient women were randomly assigned to two groups and intervention performed on Hegu point Data collected from the VAS on four times then data entered in SPSS program and analyzed. The findings of this study indicated that the average of pain in the before of intervention was non-significance difference between two groups. The comparison of average of pain in immediate, half and one hour after intervention, independent T test showed that there was significant difference between two groups only in half hour after intervention. In base of findings this research, although ice massage caused to decreased intensity of labor pain, but attention to high intensity of labor pain and increased of this pain during the first stage of labor seem to this method can't only decreased the pain intensity of labor and need to accompanying with the other non-pharmacological analgesic methods or repeated this method until during the first stage of labor

[Health-related quality of life in chemical warfare victims with bronchiolitis obliterans]

Introduction: Bronchiolitis has the major effect on patient's daily living. This study applied in order to the assessment of the quality of life in chemical warfare victims with bronchilitis obliterans

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, were selected 93 chemical warfare victims with bronchiolitis obliterans referred to respiratory clinic of Baqyatallah hospital by convenience sampling method for research. Quality of life was measured with St George's Respiratory Questionnaire

Results: Mean of scores of symptoms, activity and impact domains and global scores was 85.56, 77.38, 68.5 and 74.25 ordinary. Quality of life was significantly correlated with percent of chemical injury and reverse correlation with FEV1. Persons with diploma and up education and employees have better quality of life

Conclusion: This findings show severs decrease of quality of life in these individuals. Lower quality of life related to decrease of FEV1 and affected to eye, skin and psychology disorders show global attention to promotion of the quality of life in chemical warfare victim with bronchiolitis obliterans

[Study of factors relation to internet use with usage of internet by teachers according to theory of reasoned action]

Due to the necessity of using the Internet as a source of important information by scientific community is increasing, thus determining the factors affecting faculty member's intention to use the Internet according to their position must be knowledge and important sources of information are familiar, has been considered. Therefore this study to determine the rate and factors relation to use the Internet to use intention by faculty members based on the theory of reasoned action was done. This descriptive correlation study that was conducted in 1388, the theory of rationed action was selected as the theoretical foundation and relation of the three factors: attitude to internet vise, subjective norms to internet use and external variables [demographic characteristics] with intention to use the internet was measured. Sampling method was sensuous and samples included all faculty members of the one of school of Nursing consisting of 29 persons. For attitude measurement to use the internet was used validated and reliable questionnaire 40 items and measurement of subjective norms to use the internet [8 items] and intention to use the internet [6 items] was done by making researcher questionnaire after acquisition of validity and reliability. Statistics tests were performed as Spearman, Pearson, Linear Regression Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and Multicollinearity analysis. In most samples, attitude was average and subjective norms were high and in half the samples, intention to the internet was average. According to the theory of reasoned action, between attitude and subjective norms to use of internet was existed direct correlation and was predictable [P<0.01]. Significant correlation between gender and attitude to use of internet [P=0.012] and also level of education had significant correlation with intention [P=0.014]. Also between clinical experience and attitude to use of internet was seen correlation [r=O.56, P=0.003]. Increasing of positive attitude and subjective norms to internet use will culminate intention to internet use [factors of the Theory of reasoned action]

[Survey of effective factors on nursing graduated motivation to participate in job training programs in affiliated baqiyatallah university hospitals]

One of the useful and cost-saving methods in promotion and coordination of nursing profession with improvement resulted from technology social and medical science is the in- service training, to participate of medical centers staff in the course depend on a variety of motivational factors. This study intend to determine the factors related to nurses motivation in participating the program of in service training. In a descriptive study, 229 nurses chose their motivation factors in participation in the in service training through completion of standard 27-qusestion-questionnaire with the likert scale about domains of personal, organizational, professional factors and factors related to periodical programming. About factors involved in nurses motivation for participating in the in service training, they select professional [85.2%], personal [79%], programming [30.6%] and organizational [30.6%] factors for participating in the in service training. The significant relationship were observed between organizational factors and sex [P<0.001] and workplace [P<0.005], between professional factors and the type of employment [p<0.004], and between program factors and sex [P<0.004], and type of employment nurses [p<0.002]. Most of motivation factors to participation of nurses in the in service training is personal and professional factors. Therefore it is necessary that health care organizations consider other organizational related factors. This study is the first study in military hospitals therefore the results could be useful for other military medical centers

[Comparing of visual concept map [painting] and face to face method to educate asthmatic children in using spray]

Inhaled therapy [Sprays] is one of the basic strategies for treatment of asthma. Spray application methods play a significant role on effective asthma management. Therefore education on how to use inhaled therapy is essential. The present study aimed at comparing the impact of education through concept mapping with face to face education on spray application of children with asthma. A controlled clinical trial was conducted with 80 asthmatic children, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years old. They were selected through random allocation. Control group were educated through face to face method and experimental group by visual concept mapping. Pre-test and post-test was taken before and 30 minutes after the intervention. A follow up post-test was taken one month later. Mean scores of second post-test was 6.7 [+/- 2] for control group and 9.5 [+/- 0.7] for experimental group. Independent t-test demonstrated a significant difference between groups [P<0.001]. Moreover, repeated measured ANOVA revealed a rising trend in learning of both groups, but the progress was more obvious in experimental group [P<0.001]. Concept mapping was more effective in educating children with asthma using inhaled therapy than face to face method. Therefore, pediatric nurses and other therapists can employ visual concept mapping in order to increase the effectiveness of their education on spray application of children with asthma

[ frequency of osteoporosis in hip fracture following minor trauma and the resulting mortality rate and direct treatment costs in patients over 45 years old in Kashan Naghavi Hospital During 2005-2007]

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease .In the recent decades due to the increase of population age, the prevalence of osteoporosis has been increased. The most important complication of osteoporosis is bone fracture, especially in the hip. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis, its mortality rate and direct treatment costs in patients over 45 years old referred to Kashan Naghavi hospital following hip fracture during 2005-2007. This cross-sectional study was done on 119 patients with hip fracture following minor trauma admitted during one year to Naghavi hospital in Kashan Iran. Demographic findings, types of fracture, costs of hospitalization, treatment and prosthesis were recorded in a questionnaire. BMD of lumbar spine and neck of femur was done with Osteocore II instrument by DXA method. Data analysis was done by SPSS 14. Mean age of patients was 71/6 +/- 9/35 years. From all, 72/3% were female and 27/7% was male and 67/8% had fracture of neck of femur and 23/2% had intertrocanter fracture. In whole, 65% had osteoporosis. In 51.3%, it was in lumbar and in 23.5% it was in femur. Mean hospitalization period was 7.92 +/- 3.66 days. Mortality rate was 17/2%. Mean cost of hospitalization and treatment was 277 $ and mean cost of prosthesis for each person was 1670$. Osteoporosis is a predisposing factor for hip fracture in old patients after minor trauma. Since Hip fracture places a high cost burden on the healthcare system, wise programming for prevention of hip fracture seems to be highly necessary